![]() With a passion for philosophy, nature, and art, Hirth became friends of zoologist philosopher Ernst Heckel and shared his interest Monism, becoming the co-founder of the Monist society of Munich. ![]() The magazine was the idea of George Hirth, a Munich based writer, journalist, and co-owner of the daily newspaper Münchner Neuest Nachrichten (1848–1945). As the style spread from France to Germany, it was given the name Jugendstil (in the style of Jugend) after the magazine, which first introduced it to the Munich public. Perhaps the most popular of art magazines was Jugend, (1896-) best known today for its particular role in popularizing Art Nouveau in Germany. Zweig would have undoubtedly been exposed to the growing number of art and satirical magazines like Jugend, Ver Sacrum, and Meggendorfer Blätter which helped spread Art Nouveau throughout Germany and Austria and made important contributions to the areas of graphic design, typography and illustration. In Café Central in Vienna, patrons could choose from over two hundred Austrian and international publications. These coffeehouses offered a refuge from their drab housing conditions and most importantly, an opportunity to partake in the hundreds of newspapers and magazine on offer, all for the price of a cup of coffee. ![]() Many of the patrons of coffeehouses were ‘Bettgeher’ (Bed-goers)-lower middle-class Viennese who lived in the overcrowded poor districts, often with seven people to a room and no indoor toilets or running water. Sigmund Freud was a regular patron of Café Landmann, and Gustav Mahler of the Café Imperial. (Image #1) The Siebener Club group (the Seven Club), which would go on to form the Vienna Secession, met regularly at the Café Sperl while the Hagendbund met at the Café Blauhaus. The coffeehouse became a common meeting place for artists and writers like Zweig to exchange ideas while also offering an opportunity to partake in the hundreds of newspapers and magazine, all for the price of a cup of coffee. Reflecting on his life in Fin de Siècle Vienna, the writer Stefan Zweig credited the numerous magazines and newspapers available at Viennese coffeehouses with having given him the best possible education on everything that was new. Newpaper reading inside Café Griensteidl, Vienna.
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